What is Ransomware?
Ransomware is a type of malicious software that blocks access to a computer system or data until a sum of money is paid. It typically works by encrypting files on the infected system and demanding a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key.
💰 Financial Impact
The global cost of ransomware attacks is projected to reach $265 billion by 2031, with an attack occurring every 2 seconds.
How Ransomware Works
Delivered through phishing emails, malicious downloads, or exploited vulnerabilities
Runs silently in the background, establishing persistence
Encrypts files using strong cryptographic algorithms
Displays ransom note with payment instructions and deadline
Common Delivery Methods
Attack Vectors
- Phishing emails with malicious attachments
- Compromised websites with exploit kits
- Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) attacks
- Software vulnerabilities and unpatched systems
- Malicious advertising (malvertising)
Types of Ransomware
Crypto Ransomware
Encrypts valuable files on the system, making them inaccessible. The most common type of ransomware.
Locker Ransomware
Locks users out of their devices entirely, preventing any access to the system.
Scareware
Fake software that claims to have found issues on your computer and demands payment to fix them.
Doxware/Leakware
Threatens to publish sensitive data unless the ransom is paid.
Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)
Cybercriminals can rent ransomware infrastructure and tools, making attacks more accessible.
Prevention Strategies
Technical Controls
Essential Protections
- Regular, automated backups (3-2-1 rule)
- Advanced endpoint protection with ransomware detection
- Email filtering and attachment scanning
- Network segmentation to limit spread
- Application whitelisting
- Patch management program
Security Policies
Follow 3-2-1 rule: 3 copies, 2 different media, 1 offsite
Regular security awareness training on phishing and social engineering
Principle of least privilege for file and network access
Incident Response
Isolate infected systems, disconnect from networks, identify infection scope
Prevent further encryption, identify patient zero, preserve evidence
Restore from clean backups, verify system integrity before reconnection
Important: Payment Decision
Law enforcement agencies recommend against paying ransoms. Payment doesn't guarantee file recovery and funds criminal activities. Always consult with cybersecurity professionals and law enforcement.
Recovery and Business Continuity
Recovery Steps
- Use clean backups for restoration
- Verify backup integrity before restoration
- Conduct post-incident analysis
- Update security controls based on lessons learned
- Consider professional incident response services